Bioterrorism is defined as “the intentional release or threat of release of biologic agents—viruses, bacteria, fungi, or their toxins—to cause disease or death in humans, animals, or crops.” Bioterrorism remains a significant and evolving threat to public [....] » Read More
The Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030) proposed by the 73rd World Health Assembly in 2020 committed to eliminating measles in at least five of the six WHO regions by 2030. Mean percentages of vaccination coverage with two, one and zero doses of measles vaccine in WHO regions in 20 [....] » Read More
MHC class I complexes can present antigenic peptides that derive from canonical proteins as well as have a sequence produced by post-translational mechanisms such as proteasome-generated peptide splicing. Few pathogen-derived proteasome-generated spliced epitopes have been invest [....] » Read More
Introduction: We had severe respiratory infection cases after COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. At first, three cases of severe influenza that required ventilator management in the 2024-2025 season, which was a major influenza season in Japan, are presented. Case series: Case 1: [....] » Read More
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are classically viewed as transcription factors that induce interferons and antiviral genes during viral infection. Our work reveals that IRF biology extends beyond transcriptional control to include non-canonical functions that shape host res [....] » Read More
Detection of specific antibodies is important for diagnosing Lyme disease (LD). Until recently, this required two separate tests termed the standard two-tier tests (STTTs). The development of one-step immunoblot (IB) tests for detecting IgG and IgM antibodies in patient sera, ter [....] » Read More
Epstein–Barr virus infection and Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II allele DRB1*1501 increase the risk of developing multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Human endogenous retroviral envelope proteins, molecular mimicry and neuroinflammation [....] » Read More
Deadly infectious diseases such as the medieval Black Death (plague) and 20th-century Ebola have caused catastrophic loss of human life and generated great fear in the past and in contemporary human populations. Infectious disease epidemics persist as a threat and certainly will [....] » Read More
Constrained global oral cholera vaccine (OCV) supplies force difficult trade-offs between pre-emptive and reactive deployment in sub-Saharan Africa. To address this, we developed an analytical and simulation framework to optimize OCV allocation to minimize costs that account for [....] » Read More
Background: Deployment of effective vaccination against the various SARS-CoV-2 variants was crucial for controlling the spread of COVID-19. These retrospective modelling analyses evaluated the impact of the expanded adolescent COVID-19 vaccination in England at two different [....] » Read More
Objectives: Although several studies have shown that the application of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) has a positive impact on reduction of antimicrobial resistance and therefore the clinical outcomes of patients, most of the studies were conducted some years ago, and there hav [....] » Read More
Sequencing technologies implemented across frontline and public healthcare settings were crucial in developing virus surveillance programs during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic caused by the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Co [....] » Read More
Suboptimal immunization coverage remains a major public health concern in middle-income countries, particularly in decentralized health systems. Recent measles outbreaks in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) highlight critical gaps in service delivery and continuity [....] » Read More
Background: Optimising models of care for hepatitis B treatment delivery is an important component of global hepatitis elimination strategies. However, centralised dispensing may increase travel and financial burden for patients, particularly in rural populations. Methods: A r [....] » Read More
Introduction: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is one of the most common and severe causes of healthcare-associated diarrhea and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Although CDI has traditionally posed a major clinical challenge in adult healthcare set [....] » Read More
Introduction: The Andes virus (ANDV), a rodent-borne Orthohantavirus, causes hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in Chile and Argentina. Its genome comprises three RNA segments: large (L), medium (M), and small (S). The S segment encodes the nucleocapsid (N) and the non-st [....] » Read More
Introduction: Pediatric urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent an important reservoir of antimicrobial- resistant pathogens, predominantly Escherichia coli, with limited regional data on susceptibility patterns and factors associated with resistance. Antimicrobial resistance [....] » Read More
Streptococcus pyogenes meningitis is a rare entity, accounting for less than 1% of bacterial meningitis cases, with fewer than thirty cases reported in the past 25 years. It typically affects young children and older adults. In contrast, anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) [....] » Read More
Traditionally, infection control has focused on direct person-to-person transmission of Carbapenemase-producing enterobacterales (CPE). However, emerging evidence highlights environmental reservoirs - particularly contaminated clinical hand basins (CHBs) - as critical transmissio [....] » Read More
Introduction: Managing patients admitted to the PICU involves early detection and treatment of shock and hemodynamic stability. Various vascular and extravascular elements must constantly interact to maintain hemodynamic stability. These have been the basis of pediatric age-adjus [....] » Read More
Background: Streptococcus acidominimus is mainly recognized as a veterinary pathogen; however, it can lead to severe infections in humans, especially in those with pre-existing health issues. Proper identification and timely treatment are essential for effectively managing these [....] » Read More
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the world leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The disease was caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and can caused severe respiratory illness, as well as a range of other complications depending on presence of [....] » Read More
Background: Ultrasonography is the most widely used technique to diagnose echinococcosis; however, challenges in using this technique and the demand on medical resources, especially in low-income or remote areas, can delay diagnosis. We aimed to develop a deep convolutional neura [....] » Read More
Background: Candida species are the commonest opportunistic fungal infections worldwide. In critically ill patients they may lead to fatal systemic infections. Candidemia is a fatal fungal infection with mortality ranging from 35% to 75%. Of all blood stream infections (BSI), y [....] » Read More
Introduction: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by a dysregulated host response to infection resulting in organ dysfunction. Early diagnosis and risk stratification are crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality. Procalcitonin (PCT), a biomarker of bacterial infection, [....] » Read More
Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a global health burden despite advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART). Challenges with daily adherence and multidrug resistance (MDR) necessitate novel approaches. Lenacapavir, a long-acting HIV-1 capsid inhibitor admi [....] » Read More
Background: Streptococcus salivarius is a viridans group streptococcus that forms part of the normal oral flora and is a rare cause of infective endocarditis (IE). Cases are typically associated with poor dentition, dental procedures, or underlying structural cardiac disease. Spl [....] » Read More
Case: A man in his 60s presented with a 7-day history of progressive left periorbital oedema and pruritic vesicular following ipsilateral platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections for androgenetic alopecia (AA). Pain and swelling started on the day of injection. His past medical [....] » Read More
False positive HIV screening results, while uncommon, carry significant clinical and psychological consequences due to the anxiety and diagnostic uncertainty they generate. One recognised but rare cause is acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, which may cross-react with fourt [....] » Read More
A 24-year-old previously healthy woman presented with a one -week history of severe, sharp right occipital headache (pain score 9-10/10). There were no visual, auditory, or focal neurological symptoms, and no history of trauma or systemic illness. Neurological and systemic examin [....] » Read More
A 24-year-old previously healthy woman presented with a one -week history of severe, sharp right occipital headache (pain score 9-10/10). There were no visual, auditory, or focal neurological symptoms, and no history of trauma or systemic illness. Neurological and systemic examin [....] » Read More
Respiratory viral infections, including influenza, remain a major global health concern and disproportionately affect individuals with diabetes, who are at increased risk of severe disease and complications. This heightened susceptibility has traditionally been attributed to the [....] » Read More
Zoonotic parasites present in dogs and cats, such as Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati, pose a risk, especially in recreational areas where people live with their pets. These helminths are responsible for visceral larva migrans syndrome. The objective of this study was t [....] » Read More
Antimicrobial resistance is a pressing global issue with significant implications for human health. The presence of human bacterial pathogens resistant to last-line treatments in ready-to-eat vegetables is particularly concerning, as it compromises food safety and poses a serious [....] » Read More
Background : Patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy for B-Cell cancers such as lymphoma and leukemia, may be at an increased risk for reactivation of Hepatitis B infections. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors,(ICIs), weakens immune responses that control latent viruses. Reactivat [....] » Read More
Background : Patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy for B-Cell cancers such as lymphoma and leukemia, may be at an increased risk for reactivation of Hepatitis B infections. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors,(ICIs), weakens immune responses that control latent viruses. Reactivat [....] » Read More
Pulmonary cryptococcosis in immunocompetent individuals represents an underestimated diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, with growing relevance in clinical practice and global public health. Although historically associated with advanced immunosuppression—particularly HIV [....] » Read More
Objective: To examine the equity and inequity inherent in wastewater surveillance systems under different design specifications, using New York State as a case study. Methods: In addition to evaluating the equity of inclusion, we introduce two novel measures of equity in infec [....] » Read More
Background: Systemic fungal infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in children. Antifungal resistance is a matter of concern, as choice of antifungal therapy for empirical and therapeutic purposes is guided by existing sensitivity patterns among Candida isolates. [....] » Read More
Antibiotic resistance is a complex problem with many interwoven concepts, spanning from individual drug-to-gene interactions to entire gene clusters working in tandem to evade antibiotics. The Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) represents individual antimicrobial [....] » Read More
Background: Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts are a well-established treatment for hydrocephalus; however, distal shunt complications such as peritoneal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pseudocysts are uncommon and may present with misleading extracranial features. In tuberculosis (TB)&n [....] » Read More
Mayo Clinic Florida (MCF) was one of the early adopters of Epic’s 2.0 sepsis prediction tool nationwide. Beginning in early 2024, we launched the inpatient model, which included the implementation of an EHR integrated timer and checklist in July. These tools were deployed t [....] » Read More
An outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease began in New York City in July 2025. In this abstract we present a series of three severe cases of Legionella pneumonia seen in an urban academic emergency department: Case 1: A 71-year-old male with a history of hypertension, hy [....] » Read More
Background: Post-sepsis syndrome (PSS) affects up to 50% of survivors, with a mortality exceeding 82% at 5 years and annual costs exceeding $100 billion only in the United States. While immune dysregulation has dominated PSS research, coagulopathy emerges as a silent but critical [....] » Read More
Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of death from a bacterial pathogen worldwide, and the limited efficacy of the century-old Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine underscores the urgent need for novel, rationally designed vaccines capabl [....] » Read More
Background: Syphilis, caused by Treponema pallidum, is a multisystemic sexually transmitted infection recognized as a “great imitator.” Ocular syphilis, a manifestation of neurosyphilis, can occur at any stage and affect nearly all ocular structures presenting wi [....] » Read More
Introduction: Infected pseudoaneurysms, though rare, are serious complications arising from septic emboli and pose significant diagnostic and management challenges. The common iliac artery is an unusual site for such aneurysms, accounting for only 2-6% of documented cases. This r [....] » Read More
Background: Streptococcus dysgalactiae (SD) is an uncommon human pathogen and its invasive course and clinical outcomes remain unknown. Bacteremia due to SD with systemic complications is rare with an incidence rate of 7/100,000, and survival in such cases is even rarer. Here, we [....] » Read More
Listeria monocytogenes remains a major concern for food safety, particularly in meat-based ready-to-eat (RTE) products that are consumed without further heat treatment. This study focused on the occurrence, virulence characteristics, and antimicrobial resistance of L. monocytogen [....] » Read More
Introduction: Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as a high-risk global condition with a Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤ 8 that continues to challenge global public health, particularly among young adults. Despite the recent advances in the critical care arena, mortality [....] » Read More
Background: Early onset sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates requiring early detection and treatment. However, often it can present with non-specific clinical signs and symptoms. It is therefore important to have an effective screening tool which can b [....] » Read More
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected health workers as one of the groups most at risk of infection. Although vaccines have been manufactured and documented to be a mainstay in prevention and control, many frontline health workers were averse to vaccination due to report [....] » Read More
This case illustrates a rare and challenging clinical presentation of AIDS with multiple simultaneous opportunistic coinfections, including viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic etiologies. We report the case of a 30-year-old male patient admitted to the intensive care unit of [....] » Read More
Takotsubo syndrome, also known as broken heart syndrome, is characterized by transient left ventricular dysfunction. Previous clinical conditions, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, can act as precipitating factors. It is a rare condition, more common in white women wi [....] » Read More
Introduction: The complicated parapneumonic pleural effusion (CPPE), or empyema, stands for an important pneumonia’s complication in pediatric population, being associated to higher hospitalization and the need to surgical approach. Current medical literature describes high [....] » Read More
Introduction: The complicated parapneumonic pleural effusion (CPPE), or empyema, stands for an important pneumonia’s complication, being associated to higher morbimortality, hospitalization and the frequent need to surgical approach. This article’s goal was to describ [....] » Read More
Introduction: Toxoplasmosis, an infection caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, becomes serious in immunocompromised individuals, ocular toxoplasmosis, and, especially, in cases of congenital infection. Treatment of toxoplasmosis is hampered by the toxicity of conventional m [....] » Read More
Introduction: Four-valve endocarditis is exceedingly rare, typically bacterial in origin, and associated with high morbidity and mortality. To our knowledge, we report the first case of quadruple-valve endocarditis caused by Candida parapsilosis. Case Presentation: A 38-year-o [....] » Read More
The WHO has identified vaccine hesitancy as one of the main threats to global health. Given that immunisation prevents around 4.4 million deaths worldwide each year, vaccination during pregnancy remains a key intervention for reducing the burden of disease in the first months of [....] » Read More
Disseminated Herpes Zoster (DHZ) is typically seen in immunocompromised patients and is rare in immunocompetent individuals, posing a significant diagnostic challenge when it presents atypically. We report a case of a 47-year-old immunocompetent female with no identifiable risk f [....] » Read More
Background: Opportunistic central nervous system (CNS) infections are uncommon but devastating complications of solid organ transplantation (SOT). Although individual pathogens are relatively rare, CNS infections collectively account for up to 10% of transplant-associated complic [....] » Read More
Background: Nasal decolonization is central to SSI prevention, with mupirocin long regarded as the topical “gold standard” for eliminating Staphylococcus aureus carriage. However, real world implementation exposes a Mupirocin Paradox: programmes that successfully redu [....] » Read More
Surgical Site Infection (SSI) surveillance in cardiac surgery is distorted by a double whammy: systematic under-reporting of true infection rates and reliance on outdated, non inflation adjusted cost data. Enhanced recovery protocols have shortened inpatient stays, but national r [....] » Read More
Orthopedic implant-associated infections, frequently caused by Staphylococcus species, remain a major clinical concern due to biofilm formation and the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), derived from the human cathelicidin LL-37, represent [....] » Read More
Personalized and Precision Medicine (PPM).is being the Grand Challenge to forecast, to pre-dict and to prevent is rooted in a big and a new SCIENCE generated by the achievements of (i) Systems & Synthetic Biology; (ii) Bi-odesign-driven Translationa applications and Biotech-d [....] » Read More
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes (MSC-Exo) are promising for treating infection-induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), mainly via paracrine effects involving immunomodulation, anti-inflammation, antimicrobial activity, and tissue repair, rather than d [....] » Read More
The molecular and cellular communication between the host and pathogen is critical to survival of both organisms after Group A Streptcoccus pyogenes (GAS) infection. After attachment and invasion of the pathogen, the human host employs its innate immune system to defend aga [....] » Read More
A new systems approach to diseased states and wellness result in a new branch in the healthcare services, namely, personalized and precision medicine (PPM). To achieve the im-plementation of PPM concept, it is necessary to create a fundamentally new strategy based upon the subcli [....] » Read More
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) has become a potential alternative for treating multidrug-resistant bacterial skin infections like those caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), who are at high risk in older people. One of the main components of aPD [....] » Read More
Aedes albopictus (Ae. albopictus), an important vector of dengue virus (DENV), is distributed worldwide. Identifying host proteins involved in flavivirus replication in Ae. albopictus and determining their natural antiviral mechanisms are critical to control virus transmission. R [....] » Read More
Objectives: Septic arthritis is a potentially devastating complication of intra-articular injections, typically caused by Staphylococcus aureus or β-hemolytic streptococci. Infections due to viridans streptococci are exceedingly rare. Among them, Streptococcus sanguinis, an [....] » Read More
Objectives: Deep neck infections in previously irradiated tissues are rare but potentially devastating complications. Impaired vascularity, radiation-induced necrosis, and mucosal fragility predispose these patients to severe infections even after minor mucosal interventions. We [....] » Read More
The immune response induced by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in children and adolescents is not yet well defined regarding the intensity and duration of protective immunity in the medium and long term, which may indicate the need for booster doses and support public health decisions. Gi [....] » Read More
Brucellosis, caused by Brucella abortus (Ba), remains a neglected zoonosis with significant human morbidity, often associated with chronic inflammatory manifestations. While traditionally regarded as passive reservoirs of energy, adipocytes are now recognized as immunometabolic [....] » Read More
Background: The diastolic shock index (DSI), calculated as heart rate divided by diastolic blood pressure, has emerging utility as a marker of vasodilatory shock and progression to septic shock in the emergency department. While pre-hospital shock index thresholds are recognised [....] » Read More
The aim of this study is to investigate whether mycorrhizal fungi infect plant species such as Vigna angularis, Vigna radiata, and Allium tuberosum to promote growth, or whether they instead contribute to disease. Existing literature highlights the complexity of these interaction [....] » Read More
The aim of this study is to investigate whether mycorrhizal fungi infect plant species such as Vigna angularis, Vigna radiata, and Allium tuberosum to promote growth, or whether they instead contribute to disease. Existing literature highlights the complexity of these interaction [....] » Read More
Decoy Therapeutics is a biotech company pioneering Designable Multi-Antivirals (D-MAVs™) to redefine how viral disease is treated and understood. By harnessing our proprietary IMP³ACT platform, which integrates AI-enabled design with rapid synthesis, we develop adaptab [....] » Read More
The spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) has recently expanded to unprecedented proportions. Its existence in livestock has been well documented with the primary animals of concern being chickens, ducks, turkeys, game birds, bovine, swine, sheep, mink, and foxes. Wi [....] » Read More
Background: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is an exceedingly rare, fatal, and rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by misfolded prion proteins. In the Philippines, CJD is underrecognized and underreported due to limited access to diagnostic modalities and the ab [....] » Read More
Background: AmpC β-lactamase hyperproducing Enterobacterales (ABLHE) are significant causes of bloodstream infections, often associated with multidrug resistance and high mortality. This study aimed to determine the 30-day all-cause mortality rate and its risk factors, to de [....] » Read More
Background: In patients with pneumococcal meningoencephalitis, neurological worsening is often reflexively labeled as ischemic stroke or failure of antimicrobial therapy. However, apparent clinical recovery can be deceptive. A hidden immune-mediated phase may emerge after infecti [....] » Read More
Background: In patients with pneumococcal meningoencephalitis, neurological worsening is often reflexively labeled as ischemic stroke or failure of antimicrobial therapy. However, apparent clinical recovery can be deceptive. A hidden immune-mediated phase may emerge after infecti [....] » Read More
Acute febrile illnesses in tropical countries are commonly attributed to dengue infection; however, other viral pathogens such as Human Parvovirus B19 (B19V) may present with similar clinical and hematological manifestations, leading to diagnostic challenges and possible misclass [....] » Read More
Background: Long COVID is characterized by persistent multisystem disturbances following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Beyond organ-specific injury, emerging observations suggest that central neuro-immune–lymphatic pathways may play a key role in the evolution of post-viral dysregu [....] » Read More
Background: Long COVID is associated with persistent multisystem symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection, yet objective tools to assess ongoing regulatory dysfunction remain limited. Previous research has explored electroacupuncture-according-to-Voll (EAV) diagnostics and me [....] » Read More
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains a leading cause of illness and death after liver transplantation (LT). According to current international guidelines, the two most effective strategies to prevent post-transplant CMV infection are antiviral prophylaxis and pre-emptive thera [....] » Read More
Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) is a significant public health problem affecting approximately 254 million people worldwide and causing 1.1 million deaths annually. Currently, functional cure — defined as HBsAg loss — is achieved at limited rates with existing antiviral tre [....] » Read More
One Health (recognizes the interdependence of human, animal, plant, and environment health, yet its implementation continues to face context-specific challenges. To address these barriers, the One Health Knowledge Nexus was established in 2023 in support of the Quadripartite One [....] » Read More
The novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (covid-19), which emerged in Wuhan, China is a highly infectious disease caused by (SARS-CoV-2) and has significantly affected public health and socio-economic well-being worldwide. Its transmission highlights the potentially important role of t [....] » Read More
Background: Orthostatic hypotension is commonly attributed to volume depletion, medication effect, cardiac disease or endocrine dysfunction. However, persistent orthostatic hypotension after correction of reversible causes should prompt consideration of cardiovascular autonomic f [....] » Read More
Lemierre's syndrome, thrombophlebitis of the Internal Jugular Vein (IJV) with secondary sepsis and infective metastatic lesions, is a rare complication typically of anaerobic bacterial infection of the oropharynx, occurring predominately in the younger adult population. About [....] » Read More
Background: Emerging artemisinin resistance and escalating insecticide resistance threaten recent gains in malaria control across sub-Saharan Africa. Despite this growing heterogeneity in parasite genetics and transmission intensity, intervention strategies are frequently deploye [....] » Read More
Background: The long-term impact of coronavirus (COVID)-19 and the possibility of secondary infections have not yet been defined. Because COVID-19 has become a common community infection, patients are often hospitalised with COVID-19 accompanied by unrelated comorbidities (overlo [....] » Read More
Background. Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) reflects a sustained immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis without active disease. Despite global progress toward the WHO “End TB Strategy,” household contacts of TB patients remain at high risk of infection. Ga [....] » Read More
Legionella pneumophila is an aerobe, non-sporulated, facultative intracellular, mobile, gram-negative bacillus. It’s the cause of pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients, usually in a severe form which can expand to multiple lobes, or occasionally, a self-limited mild form, [....] » Read More
Introduction: A fundamental principle of rational antimicrobial therapy is the ability of a drug to achieve concentrations at or above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at the site of infection. In central nervous system (CNS) infections, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drug c [....] » Read More
People in prison and prison leavers experience disproportionately poorer health outcomes compared to the general population, including a relatively higher prevalence of blood-borne viruses. This is often reported as due to a higher likelihood of risk factors such as sexual practi [....] » Read More
Cocaine body packing, which is the intentional ingestion of drug-containing packets, has been a major risk factor for fatal consequences if a packet ruptures. Of these, peritonitis secondary to gastrointestinal perforation, though uncommon, is a surgical emergency with high morta [....] » Read More
Viral pneumonia caused by the Varicella Zoster virus is a rare but serious complication with a high mortality rate. A 17-year-old male patient, previously healthy, was admitted to an infectious disease hospital with confluent, polymorphic, centripetal papulovesicular rashes that [....] » Read More
The Hepatitis A virus usually causes a self-limiting disease, with fulminant hepatic failure occurring in less than 1% of cases. A 40-year-old white male patient, self-employed, with a personal history of cholecystectomy 11 months prior, with no other comorbidities or ongoing med [....] » Read More
Elevated liver enzymes occur in up to 50 to 90% of patients with dengue, usually with a slight elevation and no clinical significance. In severe cases, the elevation can reach up to ten times the normal value, associated with severe liver inflammation and liver failure in about 0 [....] » Read More
Male patient, 35 years old, with a personal history of HIV diagnosis one year ago with irregular treatment, and pulmonary tuberculosis infection with complete treatment and discharge due to cure two years ago, resident of a free area, cocaine user, with grade III malnutrition. He [....] » Read More
Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection is a rare condition, with pneumonia being an uncommon manifestation, especially in previously healthy individuals. A 13-year-old male patient with no previous medical history was admitted to an infectious [....] » Read More
Title : Changing population immunity to COVID-19 in the context of infection, vaccination, and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants
Ranjan Ramasamy, ID-FISH Technology, United States
The changing state of protective immunity to COVID-19 in the global population during the six and a half years since COVID-19’s origin in 2019 is analysed in the context of the (i) circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in the population, (ii) widespread use of different types of C [....] » Read More
Title : Extensively drug-resistant bacterial infections: Confronting a global crisis with urgent solutions in prevention, surveillance, and treatment
Yazdan Mirzanejad, University of British Columbia, Canada
Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacterial infections represent a growing global crisis with profound impacts on morbidity, mortality, and health system sustainability. These pathogens, resistant to nearly all available antibiotics, are rapidly outpacing our therapeutic options a [....] » Read More
Title : Robust protection against monkeypox virus mediated by a novel cell-line–Derived MVA vaccine (TG-MVAᴄʟ)
Nathalie Silvestre, Transgene, France
Monkeypox (mpox) is a zoonotic disease caused by the Monkeypox virus (MPXV). Recent global outbreaks in non-endemic countries demonstrated their significance as a threat to public health. The main approved and widely used vaccine to fight MPXV infection, MVA-BN®, is based on [....] » Read More
Title : Association of menopause and long COVID symptoms on vascular outcomes: AMLOV study
Brahmchetna Bedi, Emory University, United States
Introduction: Sex differences have been observed in both the incidence and symptom burden of long COVID (LC), with women demonstrating a higher incidence than men (8.5% vs. 5.2%) and greater symptom burden (4.4% vs. 2.3%). Menopause is marked by declining estrogen levels, increas [....] » Read More
Title : Emerging burden of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in MGIT-based tuberculosis cultures: Insights from South India
Ambati Mrudula Srinivasulu, Yoda Diagnostics, India
Background: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasingly recognized as clinically significant pathogens that can mimic Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in both clinical presentation and laboratory features. Because of intrinsic drug resistance and overlapping morpholo [....] » Read More
Title : Targeting vitamins B1, B3 and B5 metabolism reduces Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence in a murine influenza co-infection model
Sai Yan Pyay Aung, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Co-infection studies indicate that primary influenza infection promotes pneumococcal virulence by causing capillary leakage of nutrients into the lower respiratory tract. This study investigates whether limiting the availability or uptake of auxotrophic B-vitamins can mitigate th [....] » Read More
Title : Assessment of vaccination with AMA1 of plasmodium knowlesi expressed in pichia pastoris against chimeric rodent malaria parasite
Ahmad Syibli Othman, Jenner Institute, United Kingdom
Introduction: Malaria continues to be one of the most significant infectious diseases globally. Its existence in various species complicates the development of an efficient broad-spectrum solution. One species that is gaining increased attention in Southeast Asia is Plasmodium kn [....] » Read More
Title : Bacteremia from E.cloacae, E.faecalis,C.tropicalis, cardiac device related endocarditis and septic arthritis from C.tropicalis
Panayiota Christodoulou, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Greece
A 71-year-old man was admitted to our Department due to hematuria. From his medical history he reported multiple ischemic strokes in the setting of atrial fibrillation, a pacemaker due to complete atrioventricular block and diabetes mellitus on insulin. From the cl [....] » Read More
Title : PCR-guided diagnosis and intrathecal salvage therapy for capnocytophaga brain abscess with polymicrobial anaerobic ventriculitis in an immunocompetent host
Alexis Torres Rodriguez, NewYork-Presbyterian Queens Hospital, United States
Background: Brain abscess complicated by ventriculitis is a rare and life-threatening central nervous system (CNS) infection associated with high morbidity and mortality. While common pathogens include streptococci and anaerobic oral flora, Capnocytophaga species are uncommon cau [....] » Read More
Title : Novel antimalarial compound 2741-19 synergistically kills P. falciparum in vitro with artemisinin combination therapy partner drug, piperaquine
Brooke Skinner, Brown University, United States
Plasmodium falciparum malaria infects 300-500 million individuals and accounts for over 600,000 deaths each year with the majority of deaths occurring in children under 5 years of age living in sub-Saharan Africa. In the past several years, morbidity and mortality due to&nbs [....] » Read More
Title : Sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections among people living with HIV in high-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Maya Polevoi, University of Manitoba, Canada
Objective: People living with HIV (PLHIV) have been disproportionately impacted by the burden of sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections. In this study, we examine the prevalence and incidence of eleven sexually transmitted and bloodborne infections (STBBIs) in PLHIVIV in [....] » Read More
Title : Structural studies of the hemagglutinin-membrane interaction
Luke Perera, The Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom
The viral fusion protein hemagglutinin (HA) is the predominant influenza surface glycoprotein and mediates engagement with and entry into host cells. Influenza A virus HAs are categorised into two broad and immunologically distinct phylogenetic groups. Group 2 HA subtypes include [....] » Read More
Title : Neuroschistosomiasis in an adolescent presenting with seizure and headache: A case report
Ray John M Salud, Rizal Medical Center, Philippines
Background:Schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease, remains endemic in certain regions of the Philippines. This case highlights the importance of considering neuroschistosomiasis in the differential diagnosis of pediatric patients presenting with unexplained neurological sy [....] » Read More
Title : Intravenous drug users and spondylodiscitis as an associated infection: A serious public health problem at the global level, including in Albania
Neada Hoxha, Regional Hospital of Diber, Albania
Introduction: Intravenous drug use (IVDU) is a growing global health concern associated with severe infections and comorbidities. Among these, spondylodiscitis has been increasingly reported across Europe and is now observed in Albania.Data from the Institute of Public Health (IH [....] » Read More
Title : Legionella, scientific considerations on this pathogen threatening the civilized world. Why not Albania?
Ermira Muco, Mother Theresa University Hospital Center, Albania
Introduction: Legionellosis is an infectious pathology caused by bacteria of the genus Legionella. L. Pneumophilia was recognized as the cause of the disease in 1976. Water reservoirs are its transmitting agents. There are risk factors and predisposing conditions. Travel is a ser [....] » Read More