MHC class I complexes can present antigenic peptides that derive from canonical proteins as well as have a sequence produced by post-translational mechanisms such as proteasome-generated peptide splicing. Few pathogen-derived proteasome-generated spliced epitopes have been invest [....] » Read More
False positive HIV screening results, while uncommon, carry significant clinical and psychological consequences due to the anxiety and diagnostic uncertainty they generate. One recognised but rare cause is acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, which may cross-react with fourt [....] » Read More
OnePeru: Integrated genomic database for surveillance, diagnosis, management, and treatment of antimicrobial resistance is a project that involved developing a database that integrates carefully curated genomic information with antimicrobial profiling results from samples from [....] » Read More
Background: Streptococcus acidominimus is mainly recognized as a veterinary pathogen; however, it can lead to severe infections in humans, especially in those with pre-existing health issues. Proper identification and timely treatment are essential for effectively managing these [....] » Read More
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the world leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The disease was caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and can caused severe respiratory illness, as well as a range of other complications depending on presence of [....] » Read More
The aim the present study was to investigate the impact of novel pentavalent organobismuth and organoantimony complexes on membrane integrity and their interaction with DNA, activity against Sb(III)-sensitive and -resistant Leishmania strains and toxicity in mammalian peritoneal [....] » Read More
Background: In developing countries such as Uganda, intestinal parasitic infections and schistosomiasis remain a serious threat to public health. Local epidemiological data is critical for prevention and control of the disease. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, i [....] » Read More
No medical textbook tells us what the purpose of fever is. Without knowing this, no one in the world can define, test, or treat fever. The current definition, testing, and treatment of fever, which is constructed without knowing what the purpose of fever is, has no scientific bas [....] » Read More
Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent studies have highlighted the regulatory role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in host immune responses to bacterial infections. Among these, miR [....] » Read More
The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a surge in the global consumption of natural remedies, with many individuals turning to plant-based drinks believed to boost immunity and alleviate symptoms. This study explored the perception, frequency, and types of immune-enhancing beverages co [....] » Read More
Ascariasis, caused by Ascaris lumbricoides, is the most common helminthic infection worldwide, mainly in developing countries. Although intestinal obstruction is its most frequent complication, intestinal perforation with peritonitis is rare and life-threatening. A 45-year-old [....] » Read More
This clinical case describes the complex management of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), a chronic inflammatory liver disease of idiopathic origin that can progress to cirrhosis or liver failure if not diagnosed and treated promptly. In tropical regions, infections such as dengue may w [....] » Read More
Aims: To highlight the challenges in diagnosing NTM-PD in tuberculosis endemic countries. Objectives: Document the clinical profile of patients who presented with tuberculosis-like symptoms but were later diagnosed with NTM-PD. Review the diagnostic methods used to di [....] » Read More
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a rapidly increasing hepatic disorder, affecting nearly 25–30% of the global population. Emerging evidence suggests that alterations in gut microbiota composition, often mediated by antibiotic exposure, may contr [....] » Read More
Background. Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant pathogen responsible for hospital- acquired infections, especially in intensive care units, and among critically ill patients. Known for its multidrug resistance, it presents significant challenges in treatment. Aim. This [....] » Read More
Title : Extensively drug-resistant bacterial infections: Confronting a global crisis with urgent solutions in prevention, surveillance, and treatment
Yazdan Mirzanejad, University of British Columbia, Canada
Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacterial infections represent a growing global crisis with profound impacts on morbidity, mortality, and health system sustainability. These pathogens, resistant to nearly all available antibiotics, are rapidly outpacing our therapeutic options a [....] » Read More
Title : Bioterrorism through the ages: Historical perspective, emerging threats, and medical countermeasures
Claudia Ferreira, Sorbonne University, France
Bioterrorism is defined as “the intentional release or threat of release of biologic agents—viruses, bacteria, fungi, or their toxins—to cause disease or death in humans, animals, or crops.” Bioterrorism remains a significant and evolving threat to public [....] » Read More
Title : Measles vaccination coverage indicators in 2023 and advance towards measles elimination and eradication by 2030
Pedro Plans Rubio, College of Physicians of Barcelona, Spain
The Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030) proposed by the 73rd World Health Assembly in 2020 committed to eliminating measles in at least five of the six WHO regions by 2030. Mean percentages of vaccination coverage with two, one and zero doses of measles vaccine in WHO regions in 20 [....] » Read More
Title : Integrating environmental surveillance, regional spillovers, and laboratory resilience: A multi-modal analysis of cholera epidemics in Zambia (2000–2025)
Chukwuemeka Iloegbu, NYU/Emarin, United States
Background & aims of study: Cholera, a waterborne disease, remains a major challenge in Africa, and persistently re-emerges due to ecological shifts, limited surveillance infrastructure, and regional transmission spillovers. Zambia, bordered by eight countries with varied epi [....] » Read More
Title : Gendered socioeconomic impacts of emerging infectious diseases: Insights from a mixed-methods study in Guinea
Stephanie Maltais, University of Montreal, Canada
This study examines the gendered socioeconomic impacts of pandemics and outbreaks on populations in Guinea, using data from the Decentralize and Operationalize One Health Platforms (DOPERAUS) project. A mixed-methods approach combined quantitative survey data (N=906) from partici [....] » Read More
Title : The role of social sciences in operationalizing the One Health approach: A case study of the DOPERAUS project in Guinea and the Democratic Republic of Congo
Stephanie Maltais, University of Montreal, Canada
The DOPERAUS project (Decentralize and Operationalize One Health Platforms in Guinea and the Democratic Republic of Congo) addresses persistent barriers to implementing the One Health (OH) approach in both countries, including weak governance, uneven sectoral funding, and limited [....] » Read More
Title : Administration of alpha-lipoic acid protects organ injury in mice following cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis
Aqsa Shahid, University of Otago, New Zealand
Introduction: Sepsis is defined as a serious, life-threatening complication that results in organ dysfunction due to dysregulation of the host’s immune response to an infection. Sepsis is one of the leading causes of death, which usually affects about 30 million people annu [....] » Read More
Title : Detection and variant characterization of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) from dairy cattle in India
Manali Bajpai, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, India
The spread of a severe and often fatal form of Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) of cattle and water buffaloes has caused widespread mortality and morbidity of these animals in India. To track and understand the genetic changes occurring in the virus and to enable routine surveillance o [....] » Read More
Title : Artemisinin resistance in P. falciparum: Probing the interacting partners of Kelch13 protein in parasite
Preeti Chaudhary, ICMR- National Institute of Malaria Research, India
Objectives: Artemisinin (ART) resistance in Plasmodium is threatening the artemisinin combination therapies—the first line of defence against malaria. ART resistance has been established to be mediated by the Plasmodium Kelch13 (PfK13) protein. For the crucial role of PfK [....] » Read More
Title : Acceptability of mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis in Baglung municipality of Nepal: A mixed-method study
Muskan Pudasainee, Pokhara University, Nepal
Introduction: Lymphatic filariasis (LF), a neglected tropical disease, remains a significant public health challenge in endemic regions including Baglung Municipality of Nepal. This study investigates the acceptability of mass drug administration (MDA) for LF in Baglung Municipal [....] » Read More
Title : Aerosol production associated with different respiratory manoeuvres and face coverings, and two weeks of treatment in people with tuberculosis
Zama Mahlobo, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmits person-to-person via aerosols. The effect of different respiratory manoeuvres and accessible yet non-conventional face coverings (paper mask, neck gaiter, bandana, and surgical masks) require clarification, as well as how thes [....] » Read More
Title : Maternal health and Rhodesiense human African trypanosomiasis: Case series from Malawi
Donales Rehema Kapira, Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Programme, Malawi
This study aimed to explore maternal and fetal outcomes associated with rhodesiense Human African Trypanosomiasis (rHAT) during pregnancy in Rumphi and Nkhotakota districts, Malawi. A retrospective review of medical records was conducted, complemented by interviews with affecte [....] » Read More
Title : Decade-long surveillance of rotavirus genotype diversity pre- and post-vaccine introduction among under-five children with diarrhea at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (2013–2023)
Amadu Dele Ohinoyi, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Background: Rotavirus remains a leading cause of severe childhood diarrhoea, contributing significantly to under-five morbidity and mortality worldwide. In August 2022, Nigeria introduced the rotavirus vaccine into its national immunization program. Continuous surveillance of cir [....] » Read More
Title : Possibilities and challenges in developing a vaccine against leishmaniasis
Rakesh Kumar Singh, Banaras Hindu University, India
A vaccine against kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis), which is caused by the various species of a parasite that belongs to the genus Leishmania, is still an unrealized goal. The major reason behind this is the poor immunogenicity of Leishmania antigens, which do not qualify the p [....] » Read More
Title : The therapeutic potential of IgM monoclonal antibody in a mouse model of disseminated invasive aspergillosis
Rebekah Whitehead, University of Otago, New Zealand
Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a life-threatening disease caused primarily by Aspergillus fumigatus, followed by Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus and Aspergillus niger. Despite the advances in antifungal therapies, IA remains associated with a high morbidity and mortality, [....] » Read More
Title : Rapid identification of Bacillus anthracis biomarkers via mass spectrometry: A review and its implications for biodefense
Jacqueline Roberta Soares Salgado, Engineering Military Institute (IME) of the Brazilian Army, Brazil
The rapid and unequivocal identification of pathogenic biological agents is a pivotal cornerstone in biodefense and chemical defense, particularly in light of the persistent threat of bioterrorism. Bioterrorism poses a significant global hazard, with Bacillus anthracis, the Abstr [....] » Read More
Title : Performance and importance of a meningitis diagnostic unit, shared management, in a unitary unit, in Belém/Pará/Brazil
Natalice Andrade Da Silva, SESPA/UDM/HUJBB, Brazil
Introduction: Meningitis continues representing a threat to public health globally, despite successful efforts to control disease around the world. It is a matter of medical emergency. Bacterial meningitis causes serious, usually acute, and potentially lethal symptoms. Rapid conf [....] » Read More
Title : Amplicon-based nanopore sequencing reveals molecular evolution and zoonotic potential of Muju virus (Orthohantavirus puumalaense) in Craseomys regulus, Republic of Korea
Jin Won Song, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea, Republic of
Orthohantavirus puumalaense causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Europe, with Puumala virus (PUUV) representing the primary genotype. During 2019-2023, 30 EU/EEA countries reported 14,798 cases of hantavirus infection and PUUV was the most commonly identified pa [....] » Read More
Title : Outbreak of pulmonary histoplasmosis in Cienfuegos province
Darehyne Avila Pina, University of Medical Sciences of Cienfuegos, Cuba
Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis of worldwide distribution caused by the inhalation of Histoplasma capsulatum spores. It is characterized by wide clinical variability depending on the fungal load, the patient's immunological status and the virulence of the germ. Object [....] » Read More
Title : Diverse clinical presentations of brucellosis in a tertiary care centre
Ujwal Ramrao Shinde, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, India
Brucellosis, an endemic zoonosis in many countries, is caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella, a Gram-negative coccobacillus. The World Health Organisation receives reports of almost half a million cases each year. The most prevalent species, Brucella melitensis, is found mo [....] » Read More
Title : Scarce supervision, strong pressures: Systemic drivers of antibiotic prescribing by intern physicians in Bangladesh
Rakkan Afsara, Evercare Hospital Dhaka, Bangladesh
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health crisis driven by the inappropriate use of antibiotics. Prescribing habits are often shaped during internship, and studies suggest interns usually follow attending physicians’ guidance when choosing antibiotics. [....] » Read More
Title : Evaluation of adaptive immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with comorbidities
Mayra Ashirova, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Kazakhstan
In Kazakhstan, the most widely utilised vaccines against the novel strain of the virus were those developed by the Russian company Gamaleya, known as Sputnik V, and by the German company BioNTech, known as Comirnaty. Elderly patients and those with comorbidities were prioritized [....] » Read More
Title : The impact of antibiotic growth promoters on broiler chicken and environmental health in Kibaha Town Council – Tanzania
Damas Theobald Msaki, Kibaha Education Centre, Tanzania, United Republic of
Introduction: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at Kibaha Town (Tanzania) to assess awareness and effects of using antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) on both broiler chicken and environmental health. Objectives: This study aimed at investigating the effects of using antib [....] » Read More
Title : Real-world COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in Ethiopia using a retrospective test-negative case-control study design
Gutema Bulti Tura, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Ethiopia
Background: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a global health emergency caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 vaccinations are among the significant prevention and control mechanisms. Ethiopia launched vaccinati [....] » Read More
Title : Seroprevalence of brucellosis in dairy animals and their owners in selected sites, Central Highlands of Ethiopia
Temesgen Kassa Getahun, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ethiopia
A cross-sectional study was conducted from December, 2019 to May, 2020 with the aim to determine seroprevalence and identify the potential risk factors of brucellosis in dairy cows with recent case abortion and their owners and farm workers, and to assess knowledge, attitude an [....] » Read More
Title : Multi-marker analysis reveals an extensive genetic diversity in Rhipicephalus sanguineus (temperate lineage) and the first identification of Rhipicephalus rutilus in Tunisia
Amani, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
Accurate identification of Rhipicephalus species circulating in Tunisia is essential for improving disease surveillance and implementing effective control strategies, as these ticks are key vectors of numerous pathogens affecting both animals and humans. This study aimed to evalu [....] » Read More
Title : Spatio-temporal analysis of the distribution of waterborne diseases in children under 5 years of age from 2018 to 2022 in the Lemba health zone in Kinshasa, DR Congo: A retrospective and observational analysis
Aymar Akilimali, Medical Research Circle (MedReC), Congo, the Democratic Republic of the
Background and Aim: The city of Kinshasa faces the problem of access to drinking water and sanitation; its municipalities and health zones are exposed to a proliferation of waterborne diseases, a problem for the public health of the population. This study aims to carry ou [....] » Read More