Cerebral schistosomiasis (CS) is a rare, severe ectopic manifestation of Schistosoma infection, with Schistosoma japonicum exhibiting a strong predilection for cerebral parenchyma. Its presentation as a solitary pseudotumoral mass frequently mimics primary glial neoplasms such as [....] » Read More
Background: Sustained viral suppression is a key goal of HIV care, yet clinical, psychosocial, and programmatic vulnerabilities may interact in complex ways among women living with HIV. Machine learning approaches can help identify individuals at risk of unfavorable treatment out [....] » Read More
Background Typhoid fever is a serious infection that primarily affects humans, with around 20 million cases reported each year, mostly in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Continuous monitoring of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) in these endemic areas is cruc [....] » Read More
Background: Microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis (MKC) is an emerging ocular disease, with an increase in cases being recorded in tropical countries. Diagnosis is difficult due to non-specific characteristics and low pathogen load in a corneal scraping sample. Unlike Gram-chromotr [....] » Read More
Plasma activated water (PAW) is generated by introduction of air plasma over the surface of water under a specific voltage leading to the generation of numerous short-lived and long-lived reactive species precisely ROS (reactive oxygen species) and RNS (reactive nitrogen species) [....] » Read More
Background: Aspergillus species are important opportunistic fungal pathogens associated with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly among immunocompromised individuals. The increasing emergence of antifungal resistance, particularly against azole antifungals, poses a m [....] » Read More
Although most bacterial brain abscesses are polymicrobial, growth of Serratia marcescens is rare in literature and reported only amongst paediatric populations and post-operative adults. Diagnosis is established through clinical history, imaging findings, and when possible, cultu [....] » Read More
Background: Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis (TBVC) is a rare paucibacillary form of cutaneous tuberculosis resulting from direct inoculation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis into the skin of previously sensitized individuals. It accounts for only a small proportion of extrapulmona [....] » Read More
Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are a significant source of healthcare-associated infections. Because of high levels of antibiotic resistance, these bacteria are difficult to treat and have a high death rate. These pathogens are also linked to major outbre [....] » Read More
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is among the major causes of nosocomial infections. Carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa is also listed in the critical category of the priority pathogens for which new antibiotics are urgently needed. However, data on PA and its antimicrobia [....] » Read More
Introduction: Influenza is a major concern, but it has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. The objective of this study was to clarify the differences in the clinical manifestations of severely ill patients infected with influenza in Japan among the pre-, during, and [....] » Read More
Background: Recurrent Klebsiella pneumoniae pyogenic liver abscess (KPLA) is clinically important because persistent or recurrent cavities may reflect ongoing infection, inadequate source control, or an occult gastrointestinal lesion. We aimed to develop a simple, literature-in [....] » Read More
Background: Postoperative pelvic fluid collections after hysterectomy commonly trigger empiric broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy, yet sterile postoperative collections and topical hemostatic agents may mimic abscess on imaging. We used a solved postoperative gynecologic oncolo [....] » Read More
Background: Solved clinical cases can be converted into worked examples—cases with a known diagnosis and outcome that are used to teach clinical reasoning—but building these from real records is time-intensive. We developed a mentored AI workflow to transform a de-ide [....] » Read More
Background: Infectious-disease management requires clinicians to integrate host factors, epidemiology, examination, laboratory and imaging data, microbiology, treatment response, antimicrobial stewardship, prevention, and communication under uncertainty. Yet learners have limited [....] » Read More
Summary: Acinetobacter junii is a rarely reported cause of human infection. We report a case of A.junii bacteremia in a 79-year-old man with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis who presented with lower extremity cellulitis and sepsis. Blood cultures obtained prior to antibiot [....] » Read More
Objectives: The primary objective of this systematic review is to identify the optimal timing of immunizing pregnant women to confer the most protection by reducing the incidence of laboratory confirmed influenza or influenza-like-illness in infants less than 6 months of age. Cur [....] » Read More
Background: Multiple myeloma is a malignant plasma cell disorder that results in multiorgan dysfunction like skull lytic lesions fractures, space occupying lesions in frontal lobes with extracranial extension resulting in severe proptosis, renal failure, increased risk of infecti [....] » Read More
Background: The emergence of Covid-19 is a cause of death for millions of people worldwide due to the cytokine storm. Therefore, we decided to work on potential drug targets for Covid-19 by understanding the biological nature of genes that are related to the infection of SAR [....] » Read More
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the most significant challenges facing modern animal production and global public health. The increasing emergence of resistant bacterial strains compromises therapeutic efficacy, threatens animal welfare, reduces productivity, and [....] » Read More
Background: Malaria remains a major public health challenge across sub-Saharan Africa, where transmission is shaped by complex interactions between environmental conditions, human settlement patterns, and vector ecology. Existing malaria risk-mapping studies typically characteris [....] » Read More
Background: Healthcare workers are potentially exposed to hepatitis C virus (HCV) through contact with blood, needlestick injuries, and other occupational exposures. Although improvements in biosafety and blood screening have substantially reduced transmission, contemporary infor [....] » Read More
Background: Respiratory viral infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised cancer and bone marrow transplant patients. Infections in this population are often more severe, atypical, and rapidly progressive. As different microbial pathoge [....] » Read More
Background: Persistent infection with 14-HR-HPV (HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, HPV33, HPV35, HPV39, HPV45, HPV51, HPV52, HPV56, HPV58, HPV59, HPV66 and HPV68) is the primary etiological factor for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical carcinoma. HPV16 and HPV18 is the most [....] » Read More
Persistent cervical lymphadenopathy in children is most commonly associated with self-limited infectious diseases. However, prolonged lymph node enlargement, particularly when accompanied by atypical clinical features, should prompt investigation for less common etiologies, inclu [....] » Read More
Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a major parasitic disease of public health importance in endemic areas, but diagnosis can be challenging because clinical manifestations are variable and conventional methods may differ in sensitivity according to the biological specimen and analy [....] » Read More
Background: Culture-negative central nervous system (CNS) abscesses pose substantial diagnostic challenges. Early antibiotic exposure, complex anatomy, and fastidious pathogens frequently limit the yield of conventional microbiologic testing. We present a case that illustrates th [....] » Read More
Background: Computational prediction of peptide–HLA interactions is widely used to prioritize candidate epitopes, yet workflow choices can alter which candidates are retained. We benchmarked commonly used HLA class I and II prediction workflows against curated positive refe [....] » Read More
Background: Intestinal tuberculosis is an uncommon form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that may mimic inflammatory bowel disease and other gastrointestinal conditions. Diagnosis can be particularly challenging when concomitant pulmonary tuberculosis is clinically silent and gastr [....] » Read More
Background: Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral infection that commonly manifests as fever, arthralgia, and skin rash. Although predominantly associated with musculoskeletal symptoms, pulmonary complications have occasionally been reported. We describe the clinical and imaging [....] » Read More
Title : Diagnostic approaches, predictive and prognostic assessments, monitoring, treatment & management of infectious diseases and disease prevention
Sergey Suchkov, N.D. Zelinskii Institute for Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences & InMedStar, Russian Federation
A new and upgraded approach to the diseased states and wellness, and to re-shape tomorrow’s healthcare, whilst doing it today, resulted in a new global trend in the healthcare services, namely, Personalized and Precision Medicine (PPM). PPM as a Unique Entity demonstrating [....] » Read More
Title : The accelerated timeline: Human ecology, climate change, and the next global outbreak
Claudia Ferreira, Sorbonne University, France
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Title : Climate change & increasing pollution and respiratory illnesses
Yazdan Mirzanejad, University of British Columbia, Canada
Climate change, global warming, and environmental pollution are increasingly recognized as major drivers of respiratory morbidity and mortality worldwide. Rising temperatures, more frequent wildfires, prolonged pollen seasons, desert dust, ground-level ozone, and exposure to fine [....] » Read More
Title : Invasive group A streptococcal infections in children: Current therapeutic challenges
Elena Chiappini, University of Florence, Italy
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is responsible for a broad spectrum of infections in children, ranging from common and usually self-limiting diseases to rapidly progressive and life-threatening invasive infections. Invasive GAS (iGAS) disease includes bacteremia, pneumonia, osteoarti [....] » Read More
Title : Climate change & increasing tickborne illnesses
Yazdan Mirzanejad, University of British Columbia, Canada
Climate change is reshaping the epidemiology of tick-borne diseases by altering vector survival, seasonal activity, geographic distribution, and interactions among ticks, wildlife, domestic animals, and humans. Warmer temperatures, milder winters, prolonged vegetation periods, an [....] » Read More
Title : Global and regional routine pertussis vaccination coverage and anti-pertussis herd immunity levels in 2024, and variation from 2019 to 2024
Pedro Plans Rubio, College of Physicians of Barcelona, Spain
Despite the availability of pertussis vaccines since 1960, pertussis cases and outbreaks have occurred every year worldwide and pertussis resurgence has been reported in different countries in the past two decades. The pertussis prevention strategy based on routine vaccination re [....] » Read More
Title : Characterizing the mechanism of action for antimalarial compound 2714-19
Nastassja Matus, Brown University, United States
Malaria remains a major global health challenge, with an estimated 282 million cases and 610,000 deaths in 2024, according to the WHO World Malaria Report 2025. Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) is the deadliest human malaria parasite. Although effective antimalarial drugs ar [....] » Read More
Title : Characterizing the mechanism of action for antimalarial compound 2714-19
Ximenna Garcia Rivera, Brown University, United States
Malaria remains a major global health challenge, with an estimated 282 million cases and 610,000 deaths in 2024, according to the WHO World Malaria Report 2025. Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) is the deadliest human malaria parasite. Although effective antimalarial drugs ar [....] » Read More
Title : Microbiological and parasitological quality of Lactuca sativa L. sold at farmers’ markets in Goiânia, Goiás
Adevaldes Pereira Carrijo Neto, Centro Universitário de Goiatuba - Unicerrado, Brazil
Background: Fresh leafy vegetables eaten raw can carry foodborne bacteria and intestinal parasites when contamination occurs during cultivation, transport, handling or sale. Farmers’ markets are an important source of fresh produce in Brazil, but sanitary conditions vary co [....] » Read More
Title : A multicenter genome-wide association study of leprosy in Brazil
Frederico Marianetti Soriani, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Despite substantial progress in controlling its transmission, leprosy continues to affect a considerable number of individuals worldwide. The disease is characterized by a broad clinical spectrum associated w [....] » Read More
Title : Role of perfusion index (PI) as a screening tool in early detection of dengue shock syndrome (severe dengue) at a tertiary care centre in Northwestern India – a prospective observational study
Vaishakh Vinod Pisharody, Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS Jodhpur, India
Research Question Can Perfusion Index (PI), a non-invasive pulse oximetry-derived parameter, serve as an effective bedside screening tool for identifying severe dengue and dengue shock syndrome in children? Aims and Objectives To evaluate the utility of PI in early identificat [....] » Read More
Title : Transfer learning framework for climate-dependent disease prediction: coupling compartment model with deep learning
Weide Li, Lanzhou University, China
Influenza-like illness (ILI) serves as a representative climate dependent disease due to its climate sensitivity, widespread transmission, and significant impact on public health and societal functioning, highlighting the urgent need for reliable ILI prediction techniques that co [....] » Read More
Title : Unravelling the One Health Dynamics of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Across Dairy Farms in Malaysia
Yuvaneswary Veloo, National Institutes of Health, Malaysia
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing One Health concern driven by the interconnected transmission of resistant bacteria among humans, animals, and the environment. Dairy farms represent important reservoirs where antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and resistance determinants [....] » Read More
Title : An explainable Long Short-Term Memory Architecture-Based Dengue Prediction at 1-KM resolution
Sakshaleni Rajendiran, National Institutes of Health, Malaysia
The surge of dengue cases globally, with nearly half of the world’s population at risk of contracting it, remains global public health concern. Malaysia, a tropical country from Southeast Asia, experiences recurrent outbreaks despite of ongoing surveillance and vector contr [....] » Read More
Title : Endobronchial tuberculosis causing central airway obstruction with concomitant tuberculous pericarditis and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in pregnancy: A case report
Mary Megumi Hamor, Perpetual Help Medical Center - Las Pinas, Philippines
Background: Endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) is an uncommon manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis that can result in life-threatening central airway obstruction. The combination of EBTB, tuberculous pericarditis, and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is excep [....] » Read More
Title : Antimicrobial resistance in ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from retail raw milk and meat
Md Mahfujur Rahman, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
Background: The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in foodborne pathogens, particularly Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E), poses serious threats to food safety and public health. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, β- [....] » Read More
Title : Leveraging portable digital X-ray and artificial intelligence for active tuberculosis case finding among people living with HIV in Nepal
Amar Nagila, Pokhara University, Nepal
Background: Tuberculosis remains a leading cause of death among people living with HIV. Nepal faces a high TB burden with limited early detection tools for high-risk groups. This study aimed to screen TB among PLHIV using portable digital X-ray with Computer-Aided Detection. Met [....] » Read More
Title : Bidirectional screening of tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus patients in Nepal
Rajesh Kumar Yadav, Pokhara University, Nepal
Background: Nepal faces a rising burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly diabetes. Patients with tuberculosis (TB) are at a heightened risk of developing diabetes, owing to factors such as chronic inflammation, adverse effects of anti-tuberculosis medications, an [....] » Read More
Title : Role of toll-like receptor 2 immune response in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseased
Chris Andre Mbongue Mikangue, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon
Background: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease (COPD) are of great public health concern due to high mobility and mortality rate recorded worldwide. Both diseases have similarities in their Immune pathogenesis such as the inflammation increased i [....] » Read More
Title : Efficacy and safety of Tegoprazan–Amoxicillin dual therapy versus bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for helicobacter pylori eradication: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Alaa Saeed Babonji, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Saudi Arabia
Helicobacter pylori infection but is limited by treatment complexity and adverse events. Tegoprazan, a potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB), has emerged as a promising alternative due to its potent acid-suppressive properties. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analy [....] » Read More
Title : Pediatric necrotizing pneumonia: diagnostic strategies, therapeutic approaches, and clinical outcomes
Mariana Fonseca Melo, Dom Pedro II University Center (UNIDOM), Brazil
Background and Objective: Pediatric necrotizing pneumonia (PNP) is a rare and severe complication of community-acquired pneumonia characterized by pulmonary parenchymal destruction and necrotic cavitation. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with PNP, with emphasis on [....] » Read More