Title : Clinical and microbiological pattern of invasive pneumococcal disease in adult patients admitted to Sultan Qaboos University Hospital
Abstract:
Background: Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) remains a significant global cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in children younger than 2 years and adults older than 65 years of age. The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has led to a substantial reduction in IPD incidence worldwide. However, data on the clinical and microbiological patterns of IPD in hospitalized adults in Oman remain limited.
Aim: To evaluate the clinical presentation, microbiological pattern and outcomes of adult patients with IPD admitted to Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH) between 2012 and 2022.
Methods: This was a retrospective single-center observational study of patients admitted to SQUH with IPD. The study included all adult patients (18 years and older) admitted with IPD between January 2012 and January 2022.
Results: A total of 66 patients were diagnosed with IPD during the study period. The mean (SD) age was 56.9 years. Bacteremic pneumonia was the most common presentation, followed by bacteremia of unknown source. Only 26 out of 66 patients had received pneumococcal vaccine prior to admission. This compares to an estimated compliance rate for pneumococcal vaccine of about 41.9% at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital. Approximately 25% of patients required admission to the intensive care unit. The overall 30-day and 90-day mortality rates were 24.2% and 30.3%, respectively.
Conclusion: Bacteremic pneumonia is the predominant form of invasive pneumococcal disease among hospitalized adults at SQUH. Vaccination rates remain suboptimal, with fewer than 42% of patients receiving the pneumococcal vaccine. IPD is associated with a high risk of ICU admission and mortality.Efforts to improve pneumococcal vaccination coverage among high-risk populations are urgently needed.
