The immune response is your body's way of recognising and defending itself against bacteria, viruses, and other potentially harmful substances. Antigens are recognised and responded to by the immune system, which defends the body from potentially hazardous chemicals. Antigens are substances on the surface of cells, viruses, fungi, and bacteria that are usually proteins. Antigens include non-living entities such as poisons, chemicals, medications, and foreign particles (such as a splinter). Antigen-containing compounds are recognised by the immune system, which destroys or attempts to destroy them. Inflammation is one of the major mechanisms that alerts the immune system, but when this mechanism is disrupted, a long-term chronic inflammation develops, which is likely to be harmful to the host. An imbalance of circulating inflammatory chemicals is associated to the majority of age-related illnesses.
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Yazdan Mirzanejad, University of British Columbia, Canada
Title : Pathogen-derived noncanonical epitopes: Are they valuable targets for novel vaccinations and shall we be concerned about autoimmune responses?
Michele Mishto, Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom
Title : Bioterrorism through the ages: Historical perspective, emerging threats, and medical countermeasures
Claudia Ferreira, Sorbonne University, France
Title : Measles vaccination coverage indicators in 2023 and advance towards measles elimination and eradication by 2030
Pedro Plans Rubio, College of Physicians of Barcelona, Spain
Title : Mathematical modeling of COVID-19 dynamics in a West African context
Christabel Emaeyak James, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
Title : Severe influenza and other related respiratory infection cases during Omicron era in Japan
Masafumi Seki, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Japan