Antiretroviral therapies have revolutionized the approach to HIV infection, providing a multifaceted strategy to impede viral replication and progression to AIDS. NRTIs, acting as nucleotide analogs, interrupt the reverse transcription process crucial for viral DNA synthesis. NNRTIs, binding to the reverse transcriptase enzyme, hinder its activity, while PIs disrupt the maturation of viral proteins. INSTIs, a newer class, block the integration of viral DNA into the host genome. Entry inhibitors prevent viral entry into host cells, offering additional layers of defense. The introduction of combination therapies has significantly enhanced treatment outcomes, reducing viral load and boosting immune function. Challenges persist, including issues of drug resistance, long-term side effects, and the need for lifelong adherence. The quest for long-acting formulations and innovative strategies, such as broadly neutralizing antibodies and therapeutic vaccines, continues to advance the field, raising hopes for improved HIV management and eventually achieving a cure.
Title : Extensively drug-resistant bacterial infections: Confronting a global crisis with urgent solutions in prevention, surveillance, and treatment
Yazdan Mirzanejad, University of British Columbia, Canada
Title : Pathogen-derived noncanonical epitopes: Are they valuable targets for novel vaccinations and shall we be concerned about autoimmune responses?
Michele Mishto, Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom
Title : Bioterrorism through the ages: Historical perspective, emerging threats, and medical countermeasures
Claudia Ferreira, Sorbonne University, France
Title : Measles vaccination coverage indicators in 2023 and advance towards measles elimination and eradication by 2030
Pedro Plans Rubio, College of Physicians of Barcelona, Spain
Title : Gendered socioeconomic impacts of emerging infectious diseases: Insights from a mixed-methods study in Guinea
Stephanie Maltais, University of Montreal, Canada
Title : The role of social sciences in operationalizing the One Health approach: A case study of the DOPERAUS project in Guinea and the Democratic Republic of Congo
Stephanie Maltais, University of Montreal, Canada