Gonorrhoea

Gonorrhea, caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) that primarily affects the genital, rectal, and pharyngeal mucosa. The clinical presentation of gonorrhea can vary, with symptoms often appearing within a week of exposure. In men, symptoms may include urethritis, painful urination, and discharge from the penis. Women may experience cervicitis, vaginal discharge, and pelvic pain. However, a significant number of cases, particularly in women, can be asymptomatic, leading to delayed diagnosis and potential complications. Untreated gonorrhea can result in serious health consequences, including the development of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women. PID can lead to chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancies, and infertility. In both men and women, untreated gonorrhea can increase the risk of contracting and transmitting HIV. Moreover, gonococcal infections can affect extragenital sites, leading to conditions such as disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI), which may involve joints, skin, and other organs. Prevention and early treatment of gonorrhea are crucial in minimizing complications. Safe sex practices, consistent condom use, and regular screening for STIs contribute to effective prevention. Antibiotic therapy, typically with cephalosporins like ceftriaxone, remains the primary treatment, but the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains underscores the need for ongoing research and surveillance.