Lower respiratory infections represent a substantial global health burden, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Pneumonia alone is a leading cause of death, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where access to healthcare resources may be limited. Factors such as indoor air pollution, malnutrition, and inadequate immunization contribute to the persistence of lower respiratory infections in vulnerable populations. Preventive measures play a crucial role in reducing the impact of lower respiratory infections. Immunization against common pathogens, such as the influenza vaccine and vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, is a key strategy. Promotion of good respiratory hygiene practices, including handwashing, cough etiquette, and avoiding exposure to environmental pollutants, helps reduce the risk of infection. Challenges in addressing lower respiratory infections include antibiotic resistance, limited access to healthcare in certain regions, and the emergence of novel respiratory pathogens. Antimicrobial stewardship, surveillance programs, and research into new therapeutic options are essential components of a comprehensive strategy to tackle these challenges. Global efforts, such as the World Health Organization's Global Action Plan for Pneumonia and Diarrhea, aim to reduce the burden of lower respiratory infections through coordinated initiatives, advocacy, and improved healthcare infrastructure. Ongoing research and collaboration are vital to developing innovative approaches for prevention, early detection, and effective management of lower respiratory infections, ultimately improving outcomes for individuals affected by these common and impactful respiratory illnesses.
Title : Extensively drug-resistant bacterial infections: Confronting a global crisis with urgent solutions in prevention, surveillance, and treatment
Yazdan Mirzanejad, University of British Columbia, Canada
Title : Pathogen-derived noncanonical epitopes: Are they valuable targets for novel vaccinations and shall we be concerned about autoimmune responses?
Michele Mishto, Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom
Title : Bioterrorism through the ages: Historical perspective, emerging threats, and medical countermeasures
Claudia Ferreira, Sorbonne University, France
Title : Measles vaccination coverage indicators in 2023 and advance towards measles elimination and eradication by 2030
Pedro Plans Rubio, College of Physicians of Barcelona, Spain
Title : Gendered socioeconomic impacts of emerging infectious diseases: Insights from a mixed-methods study in Guinea
Stephanie Maltais, University of Montreal, Canada
Title : The role of social sciences in operationalizing the One Health approach: A case study of the DOPERAUS project in Guinea and the Democratic Republic of Congo
Stephanie Maltais, University of Montreal, Canada