Retroviruses have evolved various strategies to evade host immune responses, and several viral proteins contribute to these mechanisms. The accessory proteins, such as Vif, Vpu, Vpr, and Nef, play crucial roles in counteracting host antiviral factors and modulating immune responses. For example, Vif counters the host's APOBEC3 proteins that inhibit viral replication, while Nef enhances viral replication and infectivity by downregulating host cell surface receptors. The interaction between retroviral proteins and host factors can also influence the pathogenesis of retroviral infections. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), a well-known retrovirus, utilizes its envelope protein to interact with the CD4 receptor and coreceptors on immune cells, leading to the depletion of CD4-positive T cells and progression to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Understanding the functions of retroviral proteins is crucial for developing antiretroviral therapies and vaccines. Targeting specific viral proteins involved in replication, entry, and immune evasion provides potential avenues for inhibiting retroviral infections and managing associated diseases. Ongoing research continues to unravel the intricate interactions between retroviral proteins and host factors, contributing to our understanding of retroviral pathogenesis and informing the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
Title : Extensively drug-resistant bacterial infections: Confronting a global crisis with urgent solutions in prevention, surveillance, and treatment
Yazdan Mirzanejad, University of British Columbia, Canada
Title : Pathogen-derived noncanonical epitopes: Are they valuable targets for novel vaccinations and shall we be concerned about autoimmune responses?
Michele Mishto, Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom
Title : Bioterrorism through the ages: Historical perspective, emerging threats, and medical countermeasures
Claudia Ferreira, Sorbonne University, France
Title : When acute EBV mimics HIV: A case of false positive p24 antigen and low-level HIV antibody reactivity
Smriti Chaudhary, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, United Kingdom
Title : OnePeru: Peruvian bioinformatics platform to contribute to the fight against antimicrobial resistance
Pool Marcos Carbajal, University of San Martin de Porres, Peru
Title : Measles vaccination coverage indicators in 2023 and advance towards measles elimination and eradication by 2030
Pedro Plans Rubio, College of Physicians of Barcelona, Spain