Virus replication is a complex and highly orchestrated process that varies among different types of viruses. Broadly categorized as either DNA or RNA viruses, they employ diverse strategies to replicate within host cells. In general, the replication cycle involves attachment and entry into the host cell, genome release, replication of viral genetic material, transcription and translation of viral proteins, assembly of new viral particles, and their release to infect other cells. DNA viruses typically replicate in the host cell nucleus, where they utilize cellular machinery for transcription and translation. RNA viruses, on the other hand, may replicate in the cytoplasm, using viral enzymes to replicate their genetic material. Positive-sense RNA viruses can directly serve as messenger RNA for protein synthesis, while negative-sense RNA viruses must first synthesize a complementary RNA strand. Retroviruses, like HIV, convert their RNA genome into DNA using the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
Title : Extensively drug-resistant bacterial infections: Confronting a global crisis with urgent solutions in prevention, surveillance, and treatment
Yazdan Mirzanejad, University of British Columbia, Canada
Title : Pathogen-derived noncanonical epitopes: Are they valuable targets for novel vaccinations and shall we be concerned about autoimmune responses?
Michele Mishto, Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom
Title : Bioterrorism through the ages: Historical perspective, emerging threats, and medical countermeasures
Claudia Ferreira, Sorbonne University, France
Title : Measles vaccination coverage indicators in 2023 and advance towards measles elimination and eradication by 2030
Pedro Plans Rubio, College of Physicians of Barcelona, Spain
Title : Gendered socioeconomic impacts of emerging infectious diseases: Insights from a mixed-methods study in Guinea
Stephanie Maltais, University of Montreal, Canada
Title : The role of social sciences in operationalizing the One Health approach: A case study of the DOPERAUS project in Guinea and the Democratic Republic of Congo
Stephanie Maltais, University of Montreal, Canada